Cách thành lập word form dễ nhớ.
Thành lập từ hay còn gọi là word form đối với các em học sinh tương đối khó, song không phải điều này là không thể, chúng luôn có nhưng quy tắc giúp người học chỉ cần để ý một chút sẽ dễ dàng xử lý các dạng bài tập và hình thành, sử dụng từ vựng một cách linh hoạt.
Dưới đây là một số cách thành lập word form được liệt kê giúp người học dễ dàng quan sát và tham khảo.
CẤU TẠO TỪ (WORD FORMATION)
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Cách cấu tạo của danh từ
STT | Quy tắc | Ví dụ |
1 | V + ment => N | develop (v) +ment = development (n): sự phát triển
entertain (v)+ ment = entertainment (n): sự giải trí |
2 | V + ance => N | Attend (v) + ance = attendance (n): sự tham dự
Perform (v) + ance = performance (n): sự thực hiện, sự biểu diễn |
3 | V + ion/ation =>N | invent (v) + ion = invention (n): sự phát minh
inform (v)+ ion = information (n): thông tin |
4 | V + age => N | many (v) + age = marriage (n): hôn nhân
carry (v)+ age = carriage (n): sự chuyên chở hàng hóa, xe ngựa |
5 | V + al => N | survive (v) + al = survival (n): sự sống sót
arrive (v) + al = arrival (n): sự đến, tới |
6 | V + ing => N | teach (v) + ing = teaching (n): công việc dạy học
train(v)+ing = training (n): công việc đào tạo |
7 | V + er => N | work (v)+ er = worker (n): công nhân
employ (v) + er = employer (n): ông chủ |
8 | V + or => N | act (v) + or = actor (n): diễn viên
survive (v)+ or = survival (n): người sống sót |
9 | V + ress => N | act (v) + ress = actress (n): nữ diễn viên
wait (v) + ress = waitress (n): nữ bồi bàn |
10 | V + ant => N | assist (v)+ ant = assistant (n): trợ lí
depend (v) + ant = dependant (n): người phụ thuộc |
11 | V + ee => N | employ (v)+ ee = employee (n): công nhân
interview (v) + ee = interviewee (n): người đi phỏng vấn |
12 | V + ledge => N | know (v)+ ledge = knowledge (n): sự hiểu biết, kiến thức |
13 | V + ist => N | type (v) + 1st = typist (n): người đánh máy |
14 | V + ar => N | lie (v) + ar = liar (n): kẻ nói dối |
15 | V + ence =>N | depend (v) + ence = dependence (n): sự phụ thuộc |
16 | Adj + ness => N | rich (a) + ness = richness (n): sự giàu có
polite (a)+ ness = politeness (n): sự lịch sự |
17 | Adj + ity => N | able (a) + ity = ability (n): khả năng, năng lực
responsible(a) + ity = responsibility (n): trách nhiệm |
18 | Adj + y => N | honest (a) + y = honesty (n): sự thật thà |
19 | Adj + ty => N | certain (a) + ty = certainty (n): sự chắc chắn |
20 | Adj + age => N | short (a) + age = shortage (n): sự thiếu hụt |
21 | Adj + cy => N | proficient (a) + cy = proficiency (n): sự giỏi, sự thành thạo |
22 | Adj + dom => N | free (a) + dom = freedom (n): sự tự do |
23 | Adj + ism => N
N1 + ism => N2 |
social (a) + ism = socialism (n): chủ nghĩa xã hội
terror (n) + ism = terrorism (n): chủ nghĩa khủng bố |
24 | Adj + th => N | warm (a) + th = warmth (n): sự ấm áp, sự niềm nở
wide (a)+ th = width (n): bề rộng, bề ngang |
25 | N1 + hood => N2 | child (n) + hood = childhood (n): thời thơ ấu
neighbor (n) + hood = neighborhood (n): vùng lân cận |
26 | N1 + ship => N2 | friend (n) + ship = friendship (n): tình bạn
member (n)+ ship = membership (n): tư cách hội viên, số hội viên |
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Cách cấu tạo của động từ
STT | Quy tắc | Ví dụ |
1 | Adj + en => V | wide (a) + en = widen (v): mở rộng
short (a)+ en = shorten (v): thu ngắn, rút ngắn |
2 | En + Adj => V | en + rich [a] = enrich (v): làm giàu
en + large (a) = enlarge (v): tăng lên, phóng to |
3 | N + en => V | length (n) + en = lengthen (v): làm dài ra, kéo dài ra |
4 | Adj + ise/ize => V | social (a) + ise/ize = socialize (v): xã hội hóa, hòa nhập
industrial (a) + ise/ize = industrialize (v): công nghiệp hóa |
5 | N + fy =>V | beauty (n) + fy = beautify (v): làm đẹp |
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Cách cấu tạo của tính từ
STT | Quy tắc | Ví dụ |
1 | N + ly => Adj | friend (n) + ly = friendly (adj): thân thiện
love (n) + ly = lovely (a): đáng yêu |
2 | N + ful => Adj | care (n) + ful = careful (a): cẩn thận
success (n) + ful = successful (a): thành công |
3 | N + less => Adj | home (n) + less = homeless (a): vô gia cư
hope (n) + less = hopeless (a): vô vọng |
4 | N + ic => Adj | economy (n) + ic = economic (a): thuộc về kinh tế
history (n) + ic = historic (a): có tính chất lịch sử |
5 | N + able => Adj | reason (n) + able = reasonable (a): có lí, hợp lí
comfort (n) + able = comfortable (a): thoải mái |
6 | N + OUS => Adj | danger (n) + OUS = dangerous (a): nguy hiểm
industry (n) + OUS = industrious (a): chăm chỉ |
7 | N + some => Adj | trouble (n) + some = troublesome (a): gây rắc rối, khó chịu
hand (n) + some = handsome (a): đẹp trai |
8 | N + al => Adj | nation (n) + al = national (a): thuộc quốc gia
nature (n) + al = natural (a): thuộc về tự nhiên |
9 | N + ing/ed => Adj | interest (n) + ing/ed = interesting /interested (a): thú vị/thích thú
bore (n) + ing/ed = boring/ bored (a): tẻ nhạt/buồn chán |
10 | N + ern = Adj | West (n) + ern = Western (a): về phía tây, ở phía tây
South (n) + ern = Southern (a): về phía nam, ở phía nam |
11 | N + y = Adj | rain (n) + y = rainy (a): có mưa
sun (n) + y = sunny (a): có nhiều ánh nắng |
12 | N + ible = Adj | response (n) + ible = responsible (a): có trách nhiệm |
13 | V + ent => Adj | depend (v) + ent = dependent (a): phụ thuộc |
14 | V + ive => Adj
N + ive => Adj |
impress (v) + ive = impressive (a): ấn tượng
invent (v)+ ive = inventive (a): có tài phát minh, có óc sáng tạo expense (n) + ive = expensive (a): đắt |
15 | N + like => Adj | child (n) + like = childlike (a): như trẻ con, ngây thơ, thật thà
god (n) + like = godlike (n): như thần, như thánh |
16 | N + ish => Adj | fool (n) + ish = foolish (a): dại dột, ngu xuẩn
self (n) + ish = selfish (a): ích kỉ |
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Cách cấu tạo của trạng từ
STT | Quy tắc | Ví dụ |
1 | Adj + ly => Adv | slow (a) + ly = slowly (adv): một cách chậm chạp
rapid (a) + ly = rapidly (adv): một cách nhanh chóng |
* Lưu ý:
STT | Quy tắc | Ví dụ |
1 | N + ly => Adj
Adj + ly => Adv |
like + ly = likely (a)
quick + ly =quickly (adv) |
2 | V + al = N
N + al = Adj |
arrive + al = arrival (n)
nation + al =national (a) |
3 | V + ing = N
N + ing = Adj |
teach + ing = teaching (n)
bore + ing = boring (a) |
4 | Adj + y = N
N + y = Adj |
honest + y = honesty (n)
wind + y = windy (a) |
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Trật tự từ
STT | Quy tắc | Ví dụ |
1 | Sau tobe (am/is/are/was/were) là tính từ | The book is so interesting that I can’t put it down. |
2 | Sau động từ là trạng từ. | He runs more quickly than me. |
3 | Sau V(tri giác) + adj
* V (trigiác): hear, see, smell, taste, feel…. |
The food tastes delicious. |
4 | Sau look, seem, get, become, find, make,… + adj | She looks happier than yesterday. |
5 | Sau mạo từ (a/an/the) + N | The development of industry causes air pollution. |
6 | Sau tính từ sở hữu (my/your/our/his/her/their/its) là danh từ | He failed the exam because of his laziness. |
7 | Sau sở hữu cách là danh từ | Mail’s house is very nice. |
8 | Sau đại từ chỉ định (this/that/these/those) + N | This machine has been out of order. |
9 | Sau some/any/many/much + N | There are many people waiting for the last bus. |
10 | Sau giới từ + N | My parents are celebrating 30 years of marriage next week. |
11 | Trước danh từ là tính từ | Copperheads are poisonous snakes. |
12 | Trước tính từ là trạng từ | The matter is comparatively complicated and sensitive. |
13 | Đứng đầu câu, ngăn cách với phần trong câu bằng dấu phẩy (,) là trạng từ. | Traditionally, the positions of the women were in the kitchen. |
14 | Sau danh từ là danh từ | This firm is known for its high quality products. |
15 | Sau bring/take/have/buy/sell…. + N | Money doesn’t bring happiness to man. |
16 | Giữa hai động từ là trạng từ | He will certainly die If you don’t call a doctor. |
17 | Khi có “and/or/but” thì hai vế cân nhau (cùng chức năng từ loại/ngữ pháp/ngữ nghĩa) | The International Red Cross helps people in need without any discrimination based on nationality, race, religion, class or political opinions. |
BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG WORD FORM
1. The issue of climate change has received a lot of _______ recently.
A. attentive B. attention C. attend D. attentively
2. Swimming produces both _______ and physical benefits.
A. psychology B. psychological C. psychologist D. psychologically
3. My friend is a good story writer; he has a rich _______.
A. imaginatively B. imagination C. imagine D. imaginative
4. The _______ of electronic books has changed the way many people read.
A. Invent B. invention C. inventively D. inventive
5. When James was in Vietnam, he tried a _______ of Vietnamese dishes.
A. variety B. variously C. various D. vary
6. According to present law, the authorities can give poachers a severe _______.
A. punishing B. punish C. punishable D. punishment
7. The new song has _______ been selected for Euro 2016.
A. officially B. official C. office D. officer
8. Many species of plants and animals are in _______ of extinction.
A. dangerous B. endangered C. danger D. dangerously
9. The wedding day was _______ chosen by the parents of the groom.
A. careless B. careful C. carefully D. carelessly
10. To Americans, it is impolite to ask someone about age, _______ and salary.
A. marry B. married C. marrying D. marriage
11. Despite the plan’s emphasis on agricultural _______, the industrial sector received a larger share of state investment.
A. developing B. developer C. development D. developed
12. _______ have announced that a major breakthrough in medicine has been made.
A. Research B. Researchers C. Researches D. Researching
13. This restaurant is _______ with those who like Vietnamese food.
A. popular B. popularly C. popularize D. popularity
14. The jobs give you lots of chances to travel abroad; it’s certainly a very _______ offer.
A. attractive B. attract C. attractively D. attraction
15. It’s necessary to listen to opinions that are _______ from ours.
A. difference B. differently C. differ D. different
16. One _______ method for keeping our mind active is doing crossword puzzles.
A. popularity B. popular C. popularize D. popularly
17. Sometimes it can be really _______ to go hiking alone in the forest.
A. endanger B. danger C. dangerous D. dangerously
18. In the past people believed that women’s _______ roles were as mothers and wives.
A. nature B. natural C. naturism D. naturalist
19. Although David was _______ after a day’s work in the office, he tried to help his wife the household chores.
A. exhaustion B. exhausted C. exhaust D. exhaustively
20. A _______ party was prepared to welcome the honored guests.
A. special B. specialize C. specially D. specialization
21. How many means of _______ do you use on a regular basis?
A. communication B. communicating C. communicate D. communicative
22. Janice made some useful _______ for the class extra-curricular activities.
A. suggest B. suggested C. suggestions D. suggesting
23. Jack put on his best suit to make a good _______ on his future in-laws.
A. impression B. impressive C. impress D. impressively
24. The more _______ you look, the better impression you will make on your interviewer.
A. confine B. confident C. confidently D. confidence
25. Josh’s ambition is to become a _______ businessman like his father.
A. success B. succeed C. successfully D. successful
26. Many twelfth graders find it hard to _______ what university to apply to.
A. decide B. decision C. decisive D. decisively
27. I think mobile phones are _______ for people of all ages.
A. usage B. use C. usefully D. useful
28. Such characters as fairies or witches in Walt Disney animated cartoons are purely _______
A. imaginary B. imagination C. imagine D. imaginatively
29. The Covid-19 pandemic has taken a heavy toll on the country’s aviation _______ due to international travel restrictions.
A. industry B. industrialize C. industrious D. industriously
30. According to most professors, mature students are ideal students because they are hard-working and become _______ involved in all aspects of the learning process.
A. active B. action C. act D. actively
31. Tom is getting ever keener on doing research on _______.
A. biology B. biological C. biologist D. biologically
32. They are always _______ of what their children do.
A. support B. supporting C. supportive D. supportively
33. It is not always easy to make a good _______ at the last minute.
A. decide B. decision C. decisive D. decisively
34. Cultural _______ can be found in such simple processes as giving or receiving a gift.
A. differences B. different C. differently D. differ
35. Travelling to _______ countries in the world enables me to learn many interesting things.
A. differ B. difference C. differently D. different
36. The job market is constantly changing due to innovative technology and new _______.
A. competition B. competitively C. competitive D. compete
37. In Vietnam, children begin their primary _______ at the age of six.
A. educational B. educationally C. educate D. education
38. Many librarians and teachers are now accepting graphic novels as proper literature for children as they _______ young people and motivate them to read.
A. attract B. attractively C. attraction D. attractive
39. The success of the company in such a _______ market is remarkable.
A. compete B. competitively C. competitive D. competition
40. People tend to be unaware of the messages they are sending to others. So, it is _______ to consider your own body language before dealing with people from other cultures.
A. usefully B. use C. usefulness D. useful
41. Project-based learning provides wonderful opportunities for students to develop their _______.
A. creative B. creativity C. create D. creatively
42. Candidates are advised to dress formally to make a good _______ on job interviewers.
A. impress B. impressively C. impression D. impressive
43. It is believed that travelling is a good way to expand our _______ of the world
A. knowledgeable B. knowledgeably C. knowledge D. know
44. Susan has achieved great _______ in her career thanks to her hard work.
A. success B. succeed C. successful D. successfully
45. Participating in teamwork activities helps students develop their _______ skills.
A. social B. society C. socially D. socialize
46. You should turn off the lights before going out to save _______.
A. electricity B. electrify C. electric D. electrically
47. The study also found that social networks allow us to have discussions with a much more diverse set of people than in the real world, so we share knowledge with people from a wide _______ of backgrounds.
A. vary B. variety C. various D. variously
48. Laura came to _______ me for taking care of her dog when she was away.
A. thank B. thankfully C. thankfulness D. thankful
49. The candidates took a _______ breath before he walked into the interview room.
A. deeply B. deep C. deepen D. depth
50. With his good sense of humour, Martin is quite _______ with the students.
A. popularly B. popular C. popularise D. popularity
******* THANKS FOR VISITING *******
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