Một số cách thành lập word form cơ bản

Cách thành lập word form dễ nhớ.

Thành lập từ hay còn gọi là word form đối với các em học sinh tương đối khó, song không phải điều này là không thể, chúng luôn có nhưng quy tắc giúp người học chỉ cần để ý một chút sẽ dễ dàng xử lý các dạng bài tập và hình thành, sử dụng từ vựng một cách linh hoạt.

Dưới đây là một số cách thành lập word form được liệt kê giúp người học dễ dàng quan sát và tham khảo.

CẤU TẠO TỪ (WORD FORMATION)

Cách cấu tạo của danh từ

STT	Quy tắc	Ví dụ
1	V + ment => N	develop (v) +ment = development (n): sự phát triển entertain (v)+ ment = entertainment (n): sự giải trí
2	V + ance => N	Attend (v) + ance = attendance (n): sự tham dự Perform (v) + ance = performance (n): sự thực hiện, sự biểu diễn
3	V + ion/ation =>N	invent (v) + ion = invention (n): sự phát minh inform (v)+ ion = information (n): thông tin
4	V + age => N	many (v) + age = marriage (n): hôn nhân carry (v)+ age = carriage (n): sự chuyên chở hàng hóa, xe ngựa
5	V + al => N	survive (v) + al = survival (n): sự sống sót arrive (v) + al = arrival (n): sự đến, tới
6	V + ing => N	teach (v) + ing = teaching (n): công việc dạy học train(v)+ing = training (n): công việc đào tạo
7	V + er => N	work (v)+ er = worker (n): công nhân employ (v) + er = employer (n): ông chủ
8	V + or => N	act (v) + or = actor (n): diễn viên survive (v)+ or = survival (n): người sống sót
9	V + ress => N	act (v) + ress = actress (n): nữ diễn viên wait (v) + ress = waitress (n): nữ bồi bàn
10	V + ant => N	assist (v)+ ant = assistant (n): trợ lí depend (v) + ant = dependant (n): người phụ thuộc
11	V + ee => N	employ (v)+ ee = employee (n): công nhân interview (v) + ee = interviewee (n): người đi phỏng vấn
12	V + ledge => N	know (v)+ ledge = knowledge (n): sự hiểu biết, kiến thức
13	V + ist => N	type (v) + 1st = typist (n): người đánh máy
14	V + ar => N	lie (v) + ar = liar (n): kẻ nói dối
15	V + ence =>N	depend (v) + ence = dependence (n): sự phụ thuộc
16	Adj + ness => N	rich (a) + ness = richness (n): sự giàu có polite (a)+ ness = politeness (n): sự lịch sự
17	Adj + ity => N	able (a) + ity = ability (n): khả năng, năng lực responsible(a) + ity = responsibility (n): trách nhiệm
18	Adj + y => N	honest (a) + y = honesty (n): sự thật thà
19	Adj + ty => N	certain (a) + ty = certainty (n): sự chắc chắn
20	Adj + age => N	short (a) + age = shortage (n): sự thiếu hụt
21	Adj + cy => N	proficient (a) + cy = proficiency (n): sự giỏi, sự thành thạo
22	Adj + dom => N	free (a) + dom = freedom (n): sự tự do
23	Adj + ism => N N₁ + ism => N₂	social (a) + ism = socialism (n): chủ nghĩa xã hội terror (n) + ism = terrorism (n): chủ nghĩa khủng bố
24	Adj + th => N	warm (a) + th = warmth (n): sự ấm áp, sự niềm nở wide (a)+ th = width (n): bề rộng, bề ngang
25	N₁ + hood => N₂	child (n) + hood = childhood (n): thời thơ ấu neighbor (n) + hood = neighborhood (n): vùng lân cận
26	N₁ + ship => N₂	friend (n) + ship = friendship (n): tình bạn member (n)+ ship = membership (n): tư cách hội viên, số hội viên

Cách cấu tạo của động từ

STT	Quy tắc	Ví dụ
1	Adj + en => V	wide (a) + en = widen (v): mở rộng short (a)+ en = shorten (v): thu ngắn, rút ngắn
2	En + Adj => V	en + rich [a] = enrich (v): làm giàu en + large (a) = enlarge (v): tăng lên, phóng to
3	N + en => V	length (n) + en = lengthen (v): làm dài ra, kéo dài ra
4	Adj + ise/ize => V	social (a) + ise/ize = socialize (v): xã hội hóa, hòa nhập industrial (a) + ise/ize = industrialize (v): công nghiệp hóa
5	N + fy =>V	beauty (n) + fy = beautify (v): làm đẹp

Cách cấu tạo của tính từ

STT	Quy tắc	Ví dụ
1	N + ly => Adj	friend (n) + ly = friendly (adj): thân thiện love (n) + ly = lovely (a): đáng yêu
2	N + ful => Adj	care (n) + ful = careful (a): cẩn thận success (n) + ful = successful (a): thành công
3	N + less => Adj	home (n) + less = homeless (a): vô gia cư hope (n) + less = hopeless (a): vô vọng
4	N + ic => Adj	economy (n) + ic = economic (a): thuộc về kinh tế history (n) + ic = historic (a): có tính chất lịch sử
5	N + able => Adj	reason (n) + able = reasonable (a): có lí, hợp lí comfort (n) + able = comfortable (a): thoải mái
6	N + OUS => Adj	danger (n) + OUS = dangerous (a): nguy hiểm industry (n) + OUS = industrious (a): chăm chỉ
7	N + some => Adj	trouble (n) + some = troublesome (a): gây rắc rối, khó chịu hand (n) + some = handsome (a): đẹp trai
8	N + al => Adj	nation (n) + al = national (a): thuộc quốc gia nature (n) + al = natural (a): thuộc về tự nhiên
9	N + ing/ed => Adj	interest (n) + ing/ed = interesting /interested (a): thú vị/thích thú bore (n) + ing/ed = boring/ bored (a): tẻ nhạt/buồn chán
10	N + ern = Adj	West (n) + ern = Western (a): về phía tây, ở phía tây South (n) + ern = Southern (a): về phía nam, ở phía nam
11	N + y = Adj	rain (n) + y = rainy (a): có mưa sun (n) + y = sunny (a): có nhiều ánh nắng
12	N + ible = Adj	response (n) + ible = responsible (a): có trách nhiệm
13	V + ent => Adj	depend (v) + ent = dependent (a): phụ thuộc
14	V + ive => Adj N + ive => Adj	impress (v) + ive = impressive (a): ấn tượng invent (v)+ ive = inventive (a): có tài phát minh, có óc sáng tạo expense (n) + ive = expensive (a): đắt
15	N + like => Adj	child (n) + like = childlike (a): như trẻ con, ngây thơ, thật thà god (n) + like = godlike (n): như thần, như thánh
16	N + ish => Adj	fool (n) + ish = foolish (a): dại dột, ngu xuẩn self (n) + ish = selfish (a): ích kỉ

Cách cấu tạo của trạng từ

STT

Quy tắc

Ví dụ

Adj + ly => Adv

slow (a) + ly = slowly (adv): một cách chậm chạp

rapid (a) + ly = rapidly (adv): một cách nhanh chóng

* Lưu ý:

STT

Quy tắc

Ví dụ

N + ly => Adj

Adj + ly => Adv

like + ly = likely (a)

quick + ly =quickly (adv)

V + al = N

N + al = Adj

arrive + al = arrival (n)

nation + al =national (a)

V + ing = N

N + ing = Adj

teach + ing = teaching (n)

bore + ing = boring (a)

Adj + y = N

N + y = Adj

honest + y = honesty (n)

wind + y = windy (a)

Trật tự từ

STT	Quy tắc	Ví dụ
1	Sau tobe (am/is/are/was/were) là tính từ	The book is so interesting that I can’t put it down.
2	Sau động từ là trạng từ.	He runs more quickly than me.
3	Sau V(tri giác) + adj * V (trigiác): hear, see, smell, taste, feel….	The food tastes delicious.
4	Sau look, seem, get, become, find, make,… + adj	She looks happier than yesterday.
5	Sau mạo từ (a/an/the) + N	The development of industry causes air pollution.
6	Sau tính từ sở hữu (my/your/our/his/her/their/its) là danh từ	He failed the exam because of his laziness.
7	Sau sở hữu cách là danh từ	Mail’s house is very nice.
8	Sau đại từ chỉ định (this/that/these/those) + N	This machine has been out of order.
9	Sau some/any/many/much + N	There are many people waiting for the last bus.
10	Sau giới từ + N	My parents are celebrating 30 years of marriage next week.
11	Trước danh từ là tính từ	Copperheads are poisonous snakes.
12	Trước tính từ là trạng từ	The matter is comparatively complicated and sensitive.
13	Đứng đầu câu, ngăn cách với phần trong câu bằng dấu phẩy (,) là trạng từ.	Traditionally, the positions of the women were in the kitchen.
14	Sau danh từ là danh từ	This firm is known for its high quality products.
15	Sau bring/take/have/buy/sell…. + N	Money doesn’t bring happiness to man.
16	Giữa hai động từ là trạng từ	He will certainly die If you don’t call a doctor.
17	Khi có “and/or/but” thì hai vế cân nhau (cùng chức năng từ loại/ngữ pháp/ngữ nghĩa)	The International Red Cross helps people in need without any discrimination based on nationality, race, religion, class or political opinions.

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG WORD FORM

1. The issue of climate change has received a lot of _______ recently.
A. attentive B. attention C. attend D. attentively
2. Swimming produces both _______ and physical benefits.
A. psychology B. psychological C. psychologist D. psychologically
3. My friend is a good story writer; he has a rich _______.
A. imaginatively B. imagination C. imagine D. imaginative
4. The _______ of electronic books has changed the way many people read.
A. Invent B. invention C. inventively D. inventive
5. When James was in Vietnam, he tried a _______ of Vietnamese dishes.
A. variety B. variously C. various D. vary
6. According to present law, the authorities can give poachers a severe _______.
A. punishing B. punish C. punishable D. punishment
7. The new song has _______ been selected for Euro 2016.
A. officially B. official C. office D. officer
8. Many species of plants and animals are in _______ of extinction.
A. dangerous B. endangered C. danger D. dangerously
9. The wedding day was _______ chosen by the parents of the groom.
A. careless B. careful C. carefully D. carelessly
10. To Americans, it is impolite to ask someone about age, _______ and salary.
A. marry B. married C. marrying D. marriage
11. Despite the plan’s emphasis on agricultural _______, the industrial sector received a larger share of state investment.
A. developing B. developer C. development D. developed
12. _______ have announced that a major breakthrough in medicine has been made.
A. Research B. Researchers C. Researches D. Researching
13. This restaurant is _______ with those who like Vietnamese food.
A. popular B. popularly C. popularize D. popularity
14. The jobs give you lots of chances to travel abroad; it’s certainly a very _______ offer.
A. attractive B. attract C. attractively D. attraction
15. It’s necessary to listen to opinions that are _______ from ours.
A. difference B. differently C. differ D. different
16. One _______ method for keeping our mind active is doing crossword puzzles.
A. popularity B. popular C. popularize D. popularly
17. Sometimes it can be really _______ to go hiking alone in the forest.
A. endanger B. danger C. dangerous D. dangerously
18. In the past people believed that women’s _______ roles were as mothers and wives.
A. nature B. natural C. naturism D. naturalist
19. Although David was _______ after a day’s work in the office, he tried to help his wife the household chores.
A. exhaustion B. exhausted C. exhaust D. exhaustively
20. A _______ party was prepared to welcome the honored guests.
A. special B. specialize C. specially D. specialization
21. How many means of _______ do you use on a regular basis?
A. communication B. communicating C. communicate D. communicative
22. Janice made some useful _______ for the class extra-curricular activities.
A. suggest B. suggested C. suggestions D. suggesting
23. Jack put on his best suit to make a good _______ on his future in-laws.
A. impression B. impressive C. impress D. impressively
24. The more _______ you look, the better impression you will make on your interviewer.
A. confine B. confident C. confidently D. confidence
25. Josh’s ambition is to become a _______ businessman like his father.
A. success B. succeed C. successfully D. successful
26. Many twelfth graders find it hard to _______ what university to apply to.
A. decide B. decision C. decisive D. decisively
27. I think mobile phones are _______ for people of all ages.
A. usage B. use C. usefully D. useful
28. Such characters as fairies or witches in Walt Disney animated cartoons are purely _______
A. imaginary B. imagination C. imagine D. imaginatively
29. The Covid-19 pandemic has taken a heavy toll on the country’s aviation _______ due to international travel restrictions.
A. industry B. industrialize C. industrious D. industriously
30. According to most professors, mature students are ideal students because they are hard-working and become _______ involved in all aspects of the learning process.
A. active B. action C. act D. actively
31. Tom is getting ever keener on doing research on _______.
A. biology B. biological C. biologist D. biologically
32. They are always _______ of what their children do.
A. support B. supporting C. supportive D. supportively
33. It is not always easy to make a good _______ at the last minute.
A. decide B. decision C. decisive D. decisively
34. Cultural _______ can be found in such simple processes as giving or receiving a gift.
A. differences B. different C. differently D. differ
35. Travelling to _______ countries in the world enables me to learn many interesting things.
A. differ B. difference C. differently D. different
36. The job market is constantly changing due to innovative technology and new _______.
A. competition B. competitively C. competitive D. compete
37. In Vietnam, children begin their primary _______ at the age of six.
A. educational B. educationally C. educate D. education
38. Many librarians and teachers are now accepting graphic novels as proper literature for children as they _______ young people and motivate them to read.
A. attract B. attractively C. attraction D. attractive
39. The success of the company in such a _______ market is remarkable.
A. compete B. competitively C. competitive D. competition
40. People tend to be unaware of the messages they are sending to others. So, it is _______ to consider your own body language before dealing with people from other cultures.
A. usefully B. use C. usefulness D. useful
41. Project-based learning provides wonderful opportunities for students to develop their _______.
A. creative B. creativity C. create D. creatively
42. Candidates are advised to dress formally to make a good _______ on job interviewers.
A. impress B. impressively C. impression D. impressive
43. It is believed that travelling is a good way to expand our _______ of the world
A. knowledgeable B. knowledgeably C. knowledge D. know
44. Susan has achieved great _______ in her career thanks to her hard work.
A. success B. succeed C. successful D. successfully
45. Participating in teamwork activities helps students develop their _______ skills.
A. social B. society C. socially D. socialize
46. You should turn off the lights before going out to save _______.
A. electricity B. electrify C. electric D. electrically
47. The study also found that social networks allow us to have discussions with a much more diverse set of people than in the real world, so we share knowledge with people from a wide _______ of backgrounds.
A. vary B. variety C. various D. variously
48. Laura came to _______ me for taking care of her dog when she was away.
A. thank B. thankfully C. thankfulness D. thankful
49. The candidates took a _______ breath before he walked into the interview room.
A. deeply B. deep C. deepen D. depth
50. With his good sense of humour, Martin is quite _______ with the students.
A. popularly B. popular C. popularise D. popularity